Asia's South Asia region

The Indo-Gangetic Plain and peninsular India make up South Asia, a subregion of Asia. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are all regarded part of South Asia; Afghanistan and the Maldives are also included. The terms "Indian subcontinent" and "Indian subcontinent" are frequently used interchangeably, however the latter phrase is occasionally used more narrowly to refer to Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.

A succession of mountain ranges surround the region to the north, including the Hindu Kush in the northwest, the Karakoram Range in the centre north, and the Himalayas in the northeast. The Indo-Gangetic Plain, south of the Himalayas, is made up of the combined alluvial plains of the Indus, Ganges (Ganga), and Brahmaputra rivers, which lie in a deep peripheral depression north of and parallel to the main Himalayan range. The rising mountains have swept down thick accumulations of earlier marine sediments and later continental deposits into this area of subsidence. In the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins, as well as irrigated areas of the Indus basin, the sediments produce fertile soil, but the Indus basin's edges have become sandy deserts. Platform plateaus and tablelands make up Peninsular India and Sri Lanka, including the massive Deccan plateau, which was elevated throughout the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Tablelands with uplifted borders, such as the Western and Eastern Ghats, as well as terraced and dissected plateaus with lava mantles or intrusions, are found in the region.

South Asia is home to the Indus civilization, one of the world's first known civilizations, and is presently one of the world's most densely populated regions. The people of the subregion are united by a shared cultural and ethical viewpoint, despite a history of ethnic, linguistic, and political fragmentation; a richness of ancient textual literature in Sanskrit, Prkrit, and regional languages is a major uniting force. Even though South Asia has been divided into kaleidoscopic political patterns over the centuries, music and dance, ritual rituals, styles of worship, and literary aspirations are all comparable.

Kaimur Hills are located in India.

The Kaimur Hills, also known as the Kaimur Range, are the easternmost part of the Vindhya Range, beginning near Katangi in Madhya Pradesh's Jabalpur district and going roughly east for around 300 miles (480 km) to Sasaram in Bihar. It has a maximum breadth of 50 miles (80 km).

The range goes east and runs through Rewa after skirting the northern half of Jabalpur and southeast Maihar. It runs across the Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh and the Shahabad district of West Bengal, separating the valleys of the Son and Tons rivers. In Madhya Pradesh, the range has a characteristic jagged aspect, with metamorphic rock formations and upheaved rock layers. The range is defined by a low chain of rocks that virtually disappears at times, and it never reaches more than a few thousand feet above the plain. In these hills, the ruined fort of Rohtas can be found, while archaeological explorations in Bihar have unearthed well-preserved prehistoric rock art and murals in caves and sheltered areas.

Caves of Ellora

Ellora, India, temples

Ellora Caves, often called Elura, are a collection of 34 beautiful rock-cut temples in Maharashtra's northwest-central region. They are 19 miles (30 kilometre

s) northwest of Aurangabad and 50 miles (80 kilometres) southwest of the Ajanta Caves, near the settlement of Ellora. The temples, which span a distance of 1.2 miles (2 kilometres), were carved out of basaltic cliffs and have intricate facades and internal walls. In 1983, the Ellora complex was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Kailasa (Kailasanatha; cave 16) is the most impressive of the cave temples, named after the Hindu god Shiva's residence on a mountain in the Kailas Range of the Himalayas. The Kailasa complex was excavated downward from a basaltic slope, unlike the other temples at the site, which were first carved horizontally into the rock face. As a result, it is largely exposed to sunlight. Beginning in the time of Krishna I (c. 756–773), the temple's construction required the removal of 150,000 to 200,000 tonnes of solid rock. The complex has four levels, or storeys, and is 164 feet (50 metres) long, 108 feet (33 metres) broad, and 100 feet (30 metres) high. There are intricately carved monoliths and halls with stairways, doors, windows, and several fixed sculptures. A scene of Vishnu turned into a man-lion and battling a demon is one of the more well-known embellishments. A monument to Shiva's bull Nandi stands just beyond the main entrance in the main courtyard. At the second-story level of the temple, life-size sculptures of elephants and other creatures line the walls. The 10-headed demon king Ravana shaking Kailasa mountain in a show of strength is one of the images within the halls. The temple also features erotic and sensuous images of Hindu divinities and legendary figures. Some elements, such as a rock-hewn footbridge that previously connected two upper-story thresholds, have been damaged or lost throughout the years.

The carvings of Hindu and Buddhist figures, as well as a vibrant scene of dancing dwarfs, may be found in the Vishvakarma cave (cave 10) Cave 32, a Jain temple with beautiful carvings of lotus blossoms and other complex embellishments, is notable among the Jain temples. The caves draw a considerable number of religious pilgrims and tourists each year. In the third week of March, the annual Ellora Festival of Classical Dance and Music takes place.

States of Cis-Sutlej

India, historical principalities

Cis-Sutlej states are Indian principalities, predominantly Sikh, that rose to prominence in the early nineteenth century while their fate was hung in the balance between the British and Sikh leader Ranjit Singh. Because they were on the British, or southern, side of the Sutlej River, they were dubbed Cis- (Latin: "On This Side [of]") Sutlej by the British. They had grown up in the Punjab during "the time of turmoil" following the Mughal collapse and the evacuation of the Afghan chief, Amad Shah Durrn, in 1761.

They turned to the British for help, fearful of being absorbed into Ranjit Singh's dominion. The Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh secured British rule over them (1809). After 1846, there were nine states with full rights, afterwards reduced to six; Patiala was the largest, with 5,412 square miles (14,017 square km) and containing up to two million people at the time of its absorption. The states lasted until India gained independence in 1947, when they were merged into the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU). They were integrated into the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana after that.

Buckingham Canal is a canal in Buckinghamshire, England

India's canal

Buckingham Canal, also known as the Kommamur Canal, is a navigation canal in southeastern India that runs across eastern Andhra Pradesh and northeastern Tamil Nadu. It was built in sections between 1806 and 1882 along the backwaters of the Coromandel Coast, which stretches 1,100 kilometres (680 miles) northward from Cape Comorin to the Krishna and Godavari deltas. It was previously the sole viable route for large goods like petroleum, salt, and dried fish to reach Madras (now Chennai) in Tamil Nadu state.

Although the canal was significantly restored after 1880, the role of the canal as a mode of transportation was lessened as railroads and highways were created. Parts of the waterway became unusable in the twentieth century due to age, damage from tropical cyclones, and repair costs, while certain regions of the waterway were heavily contaminated by industry and sewage. The canal has been significantly restricted in certain parts due to building, particularly within the Chennai city boundaries, and it cannot be utilised by craft drawing more than 1 metre (3 feet) of water. In the twenty-first century, interest in the canal grew as a way to reduce seasonal flooding and the effects of a future tsunami, and the government began to repair it.

Historical region of Hindustan, Indian subcontinent, Asia

Hindustan (Persian: "Land of the Indus"), often called Hindusthan, is the historical name for the northern Indian subcontinent, as opposed to the Deccan, which is the southern part. This region includes the basins of the five Punjab rivers as well as the upper Indo-Gangetic Plain. Hindustan has long been seen as the major seat of power in South Asia, housing the bulk of riches and physical energy, as a mostly fertile and well-populated corridor positioned between mountain, desert, and sea boundaries. The term "north of the Vindhya Range" is sometimes used to refer to the territories north of the Vindhya Range. It's also sometimes used to refer to the entire Indian subcontinent.

Hills of Seshachalam

India's hills

The Seshachalam Hills are part of the Eastern Ghats mountain ranges in southern Andhra Pradesh, India. The ranges are heavily dissected, with many longitudinal valleys, and were formed during Precambrian period (i.e., before about 540 million years ago). They contain sandstone and shale interbedded with limestone and were formed during Precambrian time (i.e., before about 540 million years ago). They are bordered on the west and northwest by the Rayalaseema uplands, and on the northeast by the Nandyal Valley (created by the Kunderu River). The Seshachalam Hills cover 3,000 square miles (8,000 square kilometres) and have an east-southeast direction. The Seshachalam Hills range in elevation from 1,300 to 4,500 feet, with the Erramala Range to the north (400 to 1,370 metres). Due to insufficient rainfall, the hillslopes have only a thin forest cover. The Penneru River and its tributaries drain the area. Agriculture is limited due to the rough topography, sterility of the soils, and the semiarid environment. The main crops are jowar (grain sorghum) and peanuts (groundnuts). Asbestos, barite, and limestone are mined; the only other economically significant enterprises are hand weaving, bamboo processing, and brick manufacturing. Pulivendla is the only significant town in the area.