Ukraine offers a chance to find welcoming answers to the worldwide refugee dilemma.

• The Ukraine situation, which could result in up to 5 million refugees, highlights the necessity to address the global refugee crisis.
  
• Human-centered solutions must be adopted by both public and private service companies.
• This strategy is built on the foundation of welcoming refugee service systems.

With the conflict in Ukraine, Europe is facing its worst humanitarian crisis since World War II ended. The globe was already dealing with a large refugee crisis, but the invasion of Ukraine resulted in a new influx of refugees. Many neighbouring nations are now seeing massive influxes of people. According to the UNHCR, the number of Ukrainians who have fled the nation has already surpassed 2 million, and it is expected to reach 5 million in the near future. The size and speed of the Ukraine crisis strengthens the need for global solutions to the worldwide refugee problem, in addition to supporting humanitarian and diplomatic efforts.

To reduce the suffering of refugees and improve their well-being, we urge that public and private service groups take a human-centered approach. This paradigm is built on the concept that refugees should have "the human right to vital services," with no discrimination based on ethnicity, skin colour, religion, or other factors, as put forth in our recently released document The Transformative Refugee Service Experience Framework (TRSEF). Governments, policymakers, public and private organisations, the media, and citizens all across the world should work together to satisfy the basic needs of desperate refugees in a humane manner.

1. Solutions for refugees should include friendly service systems.

The TRSEF model depicts refugee experiences that range from negative (suffering) to positive (well-being) and are shaped by service system characteristics, such as arriving in hostile or welcoming service systems. Hostility and unpleasant behaviours toward refugees are common bad refugee experiences that exacerbate their misery. Positive refugee experiences include welcoming behaviours that allow refugees and locals to pool resources to improve refugee well-being. Poland, for example, has a long history of offering welcoming refugee services, including complimentary train tickets for Ukrainian refugees on their journey. TRSEF implies that, in order to reduce refugees' suffering and increase their well-being, we must shift from hostile to hospitable service systems in order to better meet their requirements. The other two dimensions of TRSEF must be considered throughout this shift.

2. Solutions for refugees should be tailored to each stage of their trip.

The trips of refugees are divided into several periods, each of which has a different set of critical service requirements. "Entry, transition, and departure" refers to the stages that refugees go through after deciding to abandon their home country and ending when they either assimilate into their new host country or return to their home country voluntarily and safely. TRSEF demonstrates the importance of determining which stage refugees are in. This is due to the fact that such expeditions can be long and necessitate many survival techniques. For example, the demands of Ukrainian migrants just starting their journey may differ significantly from those of Syrian refugees who are already far into their transition phase. Initially, refugee solutions may focus on meeting their most pressing needs and providing emergency services. However, in order to better prepare for the transition phase, planning for services such as education, housing, and work should begin sooner rather than later.

3. Refugee solutions should be tailored to address the needs of refugees at various levels of the system.

The TRSEF model demonstrates that developing adequate refugee solutions necessitates work at three levels:

National governments, regional governments, the UNHCR, the World Economic Forum, and other international organisations play major roles in establishing norms, values, and regulations at the macro level. For example, revising and loosening strict restrictions and reducing bureaucratic barriers to requesting asylum (or other types of legal protection by governments) should expand access to necessary resources and help refugees find more welcoming options. Indeed, the European Union's recent decision to provide Ukraine refugees the temporary right to live and work in EU countries is an example of a more welcoming attitude and a historic step toward offering humane aid to those refugees.

At the meso level, public, non-profit, and for-profit organisations and service providers, as well as the local refugee community, work, and they must be involved in the development and implementation of specific solutions to meet refugee service needs. When such organisations, for example, see refugees as contributors rather than burdens, recognising their agency and abilities, they are taking a huge step toward more hospitable solutions and, as a result, good experiences and well-being. Different types of help and relief could also be supplied to public administration representatives and refugees through the use of technology such as open-source intelligence platforms.

Finally, refugees, their families, and inhabitants of host nations must be considered at the micro level, as refugees' particular needs, activities, and experiences are extremely varied and dependent on their connections with other individuals. For example, a welcoming culture among locals fosters cordial and warm relationships between locals and migrants, allowing refugees to build social capital and establish emotions of security and belonging. Citizens of Ukraine's neighbouring nations are doing a lot to assist refugees, such as handing out goods and cooking meals for them. These are encouraging instances of what may be done to support refugees on an individual/micro level.

We'd like to see more engagement amongst World Economic Forum partners, such as multinational corporations, social innovators, social entrepreneurs, and representatives from civil society. Following the example of non-profit organisations like ServCollab to minimise suffering and promote the well-being of refugees, such collaborations with scholars from all over the world that focus on the transformation of refugee support systems can be formed.