Computer - Networking

A computer network is a system in which multiple computers are connected to each other in order to share information and resources.

Computer Network Characteristics

• Share resources between computers.
• Files can be created on one computer, and then accessed from other computers over a network.
• One computer in the network can be connected to a printer, scanner, or a fax machine. Other computers in the network can use these devices.

The following is a list of hardware required for setting up a computer network.

• Network Cables
• Distributors
• Routers
• Internal Network Cards
• External Network Cards

Network Cables

Network cables are used to connect computers. The most commonly used cable is Category 5 cable RJ-45.

Distributors

Serial ports can connect two computers, but if we want to connect several computers together, a serial connection will not work.

In this case, a central body can be used to connect other computers, printers, scanners, etc. and then manage or distribute network traffic.

Using a router

Routers are devices that serve as the central point for computers and other devices connected to a network. These devices have ports to connect to the network. Network cables connect computers to routers. Routers are now available in wireless modes, allowing computers to be connected without cables.

Network Card

The network card is an integral part of a computer, without which it cannot be connected to a network. The network adapter is also known as the Network Interface Card (NIC). The network card comes pre-installed on most computers. There are two types of network cards: internal and external.

Internal Network Cards

In the motherboard, there is a slot for an internal network card. PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)-connected internal network cards use PCI connections, whereas Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)-connected internal network cards use ISA connections. A network cable is required to provide network access.

Adapters for external networks

There are two types of external network cards: wireless and USB. A wireless network card must be inserted into the motherboard, but no network cable is required to connect to the network.

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

The USB card connects to the computer via a USB port and is easy to use. The USB network card is automatically detected by computers, and the USB driver can be installed automatically.