Seminar Topics for Electronics and Communication Engineering Students

Engineering students must give a seminar presentation in order to gain more knowledge and develop stronger skills for their future careers. Choosing seminar topics is extremely challenging for electronics and communication engineering students. This article lists the most popular and latest seminar topics for students of electronics and communication. From an academic as well as a knowledge perspective, it is essential to select the best ppt topics, because the best topics will improve students' knowledge of embedded systems technology. The following are the latest electronic and communication engineering easy seminar topics.

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)

Topics for the latest technical seminar for students of electronics and communication engineering

For ECE students, below is a list of current technical seminar topics in the field of electronics and communication engineering.

Light-emitting diodes, which appear like organic light-emitting diodes, are similar to organic light-emitting diodes. OLED is the latest technology used in many electronic devices, including TV screens, computer monitors, and portable systems, such as mobile phones. It is energy-efficient and offers great color accuracy. In the seminar on electronic and communication topics, OLEDs won first place.

Bluetooth Technology is a technical seminar topic

Bluetooth is a wireless technology that transmits and receives data serially at a high speed while consuming little power. There are many Bluetooth transceivers, including mobile phones, computers, and other electronic devices. Bluetooth technology is a great seminar topic for students of electronics and communication. Many electronic projects employ Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth technology ranks second among electronics and communication seminar topics.

System for controlling surveillance cameras

This technology is used in places such as roads, shops, and colleges to monitor activity. The recorded video or visual of a robbery may contain clues regarding the heist. Due to the fixed nature of these surveillance cameras, 360-degree coverage is not possible. They are capable of covering 270 degrees, though. Students studying ECE should consider this topic for a technical seminar.

Biometric Voting Machine

Biometric voting machines were developed to avoid election rigging and enhance the accuracy and speed of the voting process based on the new technology in the embedded system. ECE students can choose this topic for their presentation.

Secure Symmetric Authentication For RFID Tags

RFID is an identification system that uses technology to identify objects just by the tags attached to them, without the need for a direct line of sight between the tags and the tag reader. RFID tags and readers communicate via radio waves. ECE students can present on this topic.

Plastic Solar cell technology

It is solar energy, which is generated by solar panels, that is most readily available as a renewable energy. The solar panel is made up of several solar photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight into electricity. These panels are usually installed on roofs or in remote areas.

Transmission of power wirelessly

Wires must be laid between the distributed power units and the consumer units in traditional wired power transmission systems. As a result, there are many constraints, such as the cost of the system, the cost of cables, and the losses incurred during transmission and distribution. Assume that only 20-30% of the energy generated is lost due to transmission line resistance.

Sensor Technology

Sensor technology plays a crucial role in the design of electronic systems. Sensors are devices that react to and sense input from physical or environmental conditions, such as pressure, heat, light, etc. Sensors usually output electrical signals that are transmitted to a controller for further processing.

Nanotechnology in Electronics 

Nanotechnology is one of the new technology in electronics, which is used in different application areas such as medicine and space technology. Nowadays,  nanorobots play an essential role in the field of Bio-Medicine, particularly for the treatment of cancer, cerebral Aneurysm, removal of kidney stones, etc.

Latest Technology in Embedded System

A computer system that is embedded with software to control and access data in electronic-based systems is known as an embedded system. Embedded systems involve engineering, electronics mini-projects, and main projects. These systems can be independent or integrated. ECE students should present their papers on embedded systems.

FSO (Free Space Optic) Technology

Free space optics is a wireless communication technology like FSO. It transmits infrared signals or modulated visible signals through the environment to achieve optical communications similar to fiber optics. For FSO communications, lasers are used to transmit data, but instead of enclosing the data flow within a glass fiber, the data can be transmitted through the air.

Similar to an IR remote control or wireless keyboard, FSO works on the same principle. With Free Space Optics (FSO), light beams in the TeraHertz spectrum are transmitted through low-power IR lasers. A laser beam is used to focus light beams onto very sensitive photon detector receivers in the FSO.

Telescopic lenses are capable of collecting the photon stream & transmitting digital data, including video images, Internet messages, radio signals, and computer files. Systems with FSO can operate over a distance of several kilometers if the source and the destination are within a clear line of sight and the transmitter power is adequate.

Silent Sound Technology

Whenever we are traveling on the bus or train, speaking on the phone is somewhat difficult due to the disturbances. So we speak very loudly to receive our voice to another person on the phone. For this, Silent sound technology is implemented to speak on the phone while traveling.

With this technology, each lip movement is detected and the electrical pulses are converted into sound signals internally. By eliminating external noise, the sound signals can be transmitted. People who cannot speak clearly due to noise can use this technology to make noiseless calls without disturbing others.

As opposed to making any noise, your earpiece will decode the mouth movements that make by determining muscle action, then convert this into speech to listen to the other side of the conversation. Various languages are supported, including English, German, and French. Different tones are used in Chinese, though.

Bionic Eyes

Through the motivation of different elements of the optic nerve, a bionic eye stimulates visual vibrations in the human brain. Other sites of investigation can stimulate the ganglia cells over the retina. The development of artificial retinas is therefore receiving more attention. Artificial eyes come in a variety of designs, but there is no standard design. Various options are being explored by scientists.

A prototype of this eye measures 2 millimeters across and contains 3,500 micro photodiodes at the back. In this collection of mini solar cells, the normal beam can be transformed into a signal. Signals from the eye retina are sent to the human brain through the residual wells.

E-Bomb

Electromagnetic bombs (E bombs) are one type of weapon. Using a strong electromagnetic field, this weapon creates a short energy pulse that affects electronic circuitry without causing any damage to humans or buildings. The electromagnetic bomb generates electromagnetic shocks to damage electronic circuits as well as communication networks of the enemy.

Electronic circuitry will be destroyed at extreme levels, causing any machine that uses electricity to malfunction, such as radios, computers, and ignition systems. Globally, microwaves influence the E-bomb market. Using communication systems, electronic systems, and air defense systems, this technology is mainly used in the military sector to target mobile enemies, naval vessels, and mobile radars.

GPS based E-bombs are becoming increasingly popular because they are leading conventional weapons for tactical air attacks. To provide guidance capability, guided bombs are equipped with electronic sensors, control systems, and changeable flight fins. This e-bomb weapon is significant in the arrangement of dissimilar military relationships. The proliferation of nuclear weapons is also expanding the market for these bombs around the world.

Energy-Efficient Methods for 5G Networks

At present, communication technologies have evolved along with the corresponding need for optimizing energy usage. Thus, 5G technology is developed, so the importance of energy efficiency for wireless networks is also realized even more.

Different energy issues are addressed in this project so as to provide an investigation of a variety of methods that will be accepted in 5G networks for improving the device's energy efficiency. Different areas of enhancing energy efficiency are covered in this system, including simultaneous wireless energy, power transfer, energy efficiency improvements through mini cells and enormous MIMO, and energy efficiency improvements through relays.

Five methods are used to make 5G technology energy efficient. These methods are grouped into three categories. These groups employ energy-efficient architectures, resource allocations, and other energy-efficient radio technologies. The aim is to optimize power consumption by integrating the 5G network.

Night Vision Technology

In low light conditions, night vision technology can observe. In comparison with animals, human night vision is poor. To get around this problem, night vision technology is used. The technology allows observing a person standing 183 meters away on a cloudy night or in low light conditions. Military personnel use this device primarily.

Most state & central agencies use this technology for security, inspection, and search & rescue. Using image intensification based technology, this equipment was developed from large optical equipment within low weight goggles. Thermal imaging and image enhancement are the two technologies for night vision. Night vision can be biological or technological.

Communication through Visible Light

VLC systems (Visible Light Communication) occupy a range of wavelengths from 380 to 750 nanometers, which is equivalent to 430 to 790 terahertz of a frequency spectrum.

Because of the huge bandwidth of Visible Light Communication, one can determine the low BW issue in RF communication. The VLC receiver receives the signal if it is in the same room as the transmitter.

As a result, the receivers outside of the VLC source room cannot receive the signals. As such, it is resistant to safety problems that may arise within RF communication systems. Visible light is used for both illumination and communication, so, it conserves additional power that is necessary for RF communication. In addition to its high bandwidth, VLC provides non-licensed channels and low power consumption.

There are many applications of this kind of communication, including Li-Fi, robots in hospitals, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, underwater communication, and signboards for displaying information. In vehicular communication, VLC is used for lane change warnings, lane violation warnings, and pre-crash information.

Due to the presence of lights on vehicles and traffic signals, this application requires low latency communication, which is provided by VLC due to its higher BW & simple installation.

OFDM Implementation through VLSI

OFDM is a multi-carrier system that encodes the data bits for multiple subcarriers and sends them simultaneously in time while utilizing optimal bandwidth. A set of orthogonal sub-carriers can be used to form an OFDM symbol. In order to prevent inter-symbol interference (ISI) due to multipath, successive OFDM symbols are divided using guard bands. Thus, this band will make the system of OFDM resistant to the effects of multipath.

Although the theory of this system has existed for a long time, recent advances in technologies such as VLSI & DSP have made it possible to implement. The purpose of this project is to implement an OFDM system using VLSI for the 802.11a based OFDM system. Nevertheless, the same reflections would be useful for executing any OFDM system within VLSI.

Data bits can be encoded to several subcarriers in this multi-carrier system, unlike one-carrier systems. This method transmits all frequencies simultaneously in time and provides many advantages over an all-carrier system, including equalization of the simpler channel, relaxed timing gaining constraints, and better multi-path immunity. It is susceptible to local frequency offsets and non-linearities of the radio front-end, however.

Transmission of Microwave Power

SPS or solar power satellites are one type of renewable energy system. The satellite converts solar energy into microwave energy. The microwaves are transmitted to a beam and receive antenna on the globe, where they are converted into normal electricity.

In 1968, an SPS concept was first proposed in the United States. As of right now, this concept has been used to raise public awareness because a promising energy system is being used to solve the problem of energy & global warming. Solar power satellite provides a dirt-free, secure & large-scale electric power source.

Plasmatics

Faster information transmission and processing capabilities are unquestionably in demand. In the past five decades, we have witnessed a continuous progression towards smaller, faster, and more efficient electronic devices due to our data-hungry society.

As these devices have grown in size, they have also presented a myriad of challenges. Thermal and signal delay issues associated with electronic interconnection are currently preventing significant increases in processor speed.

Microwave detection system for life in the L-band and S-band

An embedded system based on microwave waves detects life. This is a new revolutionary technology. Due to this system, thousands of people were killed as a result of the earthquake.

By implementing this detection system, the death rate has been reduced dramatically, as a large percentage of deaths occur as a result of earthquakes. Microwave signals have been fully utilized within the system. Microwaves of the L and S bands are mainly used to detect the living body in this system.

Transmission of Energy for Artificial Heart

Artificial hearts function like normal hearts. Each one has four chambers that supply blood. Like their pumps, these kinds of electrical circulatory assistance devices, such as whole artificial hearts or ventricular assist devices, use BLDC (brushless dc) motors. The 12 to 35 Watt power they require for operation can be provided by a dc-dc converter & moveable battery pack.

FBG – Fiber Bragg Gratings

Fiber-optic communication (FOC) is one type of technique for transmitting data from one area to another using light pulses over an optical fiber. A light beam that is adjusted to hold the data can form the electromagnetic carrier signal. Fiber optic communication offers low loss, long distance communication between repeaters or amplifiers, and low cost.

Since it has high data carrying capability, changing a single fiber optic cable would require a number of electrical links. A fiber can also transmit data over long distances, which is another benefit. Unlike some kinds of electrical transmission lines, these cables do not experience crosstalk.

Security of WLAN (Wireless LAN)

Currently, wireless local area networks (WLANs), which use wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) standards, are the fastest-growing technology in offices, schools, homes, and businesses.  They provide mobile access to the Internet for enterprising networks. This enables operators to remain connected while on the move. In the absence of wired Ethernet infrastructure, these networks operate quickly.

Unlike commercial installers, these require less effort and don't require a lot of maintenance. Wireless networks have the advantage of allowing mobile users to stay connected to their most useful applications and data at all times. Users of mobile devices can be more creative if they have non-stop access to e-mail, instant messaging & other applications;

Intervehicle Communication

The IVC or Intervehicle Communication system provides ITS (intelligent transportation system) and assistance to passengers and drivers. The system reorganizes the vehicle's operation, it can manage traffic flow, and it provides drivers with security, toll collection and other information as well as for travelers.

VANETs, or Ad hoc Networks, are used like a wireless network that appears out of nowhere among moving vehicles equipped with wireless interfaces that use short-range communication systems.

In a VANET, mobile users can communicate between vehicles, in between two vehicles and close to a fixed device on the roadside. Networks such as these are also known as VANETs, and are viewed as one of the ad-hoc n/w real-life applications that permit communication between nearby vehicles.

Mobile Train Radio Communication

The mobile uses a separate and temporary radio channel to communicate with the cell site. A single channel for each mobile can be used to communicate with several mobiles at the same time. Frequencies are used for communication in these radio channels. A single frequency is used for transmission. The first one is used to transmit data from the cell site, and the second to receive calls from the operators. Half-duplex or full-duplex communication is used between mobile units.

Communication among the mobile units is not possible in a half-duplex case, since listening and talking cannot be carried out simultaneously; however, in a full-duplex case, both listening and talking are possible at the same time. As soon as mobile units are in a cell and are communicating in half-duplex, then they use a single frequency. When it's full-duplex, then there will be a requirement of two frequency pairs.

A set of frequency is required for each cell when a mobile unit is communicating through another mobile unit on the outside of the cell. The resources of the system are therefore used more if the mobile units communicate in full-duplex.

HART Communication

"Highway Addressable Remote Transducer" is the full name of the HART protocol. To transmit digital signals, this protocol uses FSK (Frequency Shift Keying). It allows two-way communication in the field. With this protocol, the 4 to 20mA signal is not interrupted at 1200 bps. Using a smart field machine, a host application can obtain two otherwise more digital updates for each second.

Protocol provides two instantaneous communication channels, including an analog signal based on 4mA to 20mA and a digital signal. With this signal, the primary measured value is converted to a 4mA to 20mA current loop. Additional device data may be transmitted digitally.

HART communication takes place between two connected devices. The communication takes place primarily through typical instrumentation wire, standard wiring & termination practices.

Telecom Networks

The telecommunication network is one type of transmission system that allows the transmission of data between several different sites through optical or electromagnetic signals, either analog or digital. This type of data could also be audio or video. Wireless or wired networks are used to transmit this data. Mobile networks, telephone landline networks, and internet and cable TV are the best examples. Different types of telephone networks are used in two-way speech transmission.

Previously, data was transmitted over wires. Electromagnetic signals can be used to transmit speech signals. In the present, all phone networks are digital, whether they are fixed or mobile.

High Altitude Platforms for Wireless Communication

Currently, most of the communication can be done wirelessly at a fast rate. It is most common for people to use high-speed wireless communication to transmit data to avoid irritating each other with wires. HAP (High Altitude Platforms) allow communication with high speed to rural areas and remote villages.

HAAPS – High Altitude Aeronautical Platforms

HAAPS (High Altitude Aeronautical Platform Stations) are an example of a technology used to provide services like wireless narrowband, broadband telecommunication, and broadcasting using aircraft or airships. At altitudes between 3km and 22km, the high-altitude aeronautical platforms operate.

Using the smallest elevation angle allowed from a user's location, this covers a service region up to 1000 km wide. They may be airships or airplanes manned or unmanned by autonomous processes coupled with remote control from Earth. Solar powered and unmanned, HAAPS is an aircraft that can remain on-station for an extended period of time.

Blue Eyes Technology

Blue Eyes technology records and monitors the operator's basic physiological factors. The saccadic activity1 is the most significant parameter that allows the system to determine where the operator's visual attention is by checking the head acceleration caused by the large displacement of the visual axis.

There is a risk of workers being exposed to poisonous materials, which may affect his circulatory, cardiac, and pulmonary systems. So, the system calculates blood oxygenation and heartbeat rate based on the plethysmographic signal from the forehead skin.

Optical Mouse

A computer pointing device, such as an optical mouse, can be built with an optical sensor, LED, and DSP (digital signal processing) instead of a fixed mouse ball and an electromechanical transducer.

Instead of interpreting the motion of an undulating sphere, changes in reflected light can be used to detect mouse movement. The mouse takes more than 1,000 images a second of the functioning surface.

The image changes when this mouse is moved. The sensor and DSP are able to generate functional movement data from even the smallest irregularities on the exterior. The DSP & sensor cannot detect some abnormalities on certain surfaces due to their tiny size. The best example of poor optical-mousing is an unfrosted glass.

Actually, an optical mouse does not require cleaning, as it doesn’t include moving parts. This eliminates mechanical exhaustion as well. When the mouse device is used with a suitable surface, noticing is much more precise than with an older electromechanical pointing device. Using graphics in this way makes computers easier to operate.

MAGLEV Trains

World's fastest transportation is the MAGLEV train. It operates by magnetic levitation. The main differences between a normal train and a MAGLEV train are the countries in which they are used, the speed, etc. Electromagnetic Suspension & Dynamic Suspension are the technologies used in this train to drive. It is an environmentally friendly train.

AR (Augmented Reality) Technology

AR technology displays graphics in a 3D format by combining the real and virtual worlds. As a result, extensively generated graphics in this technology will improve the perception of everyone. This technology makes use of displays, orientation techniques, tracking, software, etc. AR technology is used in games, education, defense, security, entertainment, and medicine.

Electronic Ink Technology

Digital ink is used to type on screens in this technology. Ink can be created with three components, such as millions of microcapsules and an oily ink material to load the microcapsules, and pigmented chips that are negatively charged or balls that float within the microcapsules.

Despite their differences, electronic ink looks similar to normal ink. The ink can also be applied to a material similar to that where normal ink is used. Nevertheless, the E-ink will be manufactured differently by different manufacturers.

Photonic Integrated Circuit

A PIC, or Photonic Integrated Circuit, is a complex chip that combines several optical devices to make a single photonic circuit.

One of the major differences between a photonic IC and an electronic IC is its analogous design. There are several optical devices such as multiplexers, optical amplifiers, optical lasers, demultiplexers, detectors, and attenuators attached to a photonic IC. By integrating hundreds to thousands of optical devices on to this device, it can be used for large scale operations.

Following is a list of the Technical Seminar Topics for Electronics and Communication Engineering Students. Students in ECE will find these topics very useful.